ABSTRACT
Since the outbreak of the new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in December 2019, it has caused millions of deaths in more than 200 countries all over the world, and the global economic development has been severely impacted. Concerning the new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the epidemic, scientific research has been actively carried out around the world as well as various prevention and control measures, which made important contribution to protect human health. However, as one of the countries that made outstanding achievements in the prevention and control of the epidemic, there were some regional epidemics of “object-to-human transmission” and then “human-to-human transmission ” occurred after June 2020, indicating the complexity of the spread of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the development of COVID-19 in some contraries is going uncontrollable recently, and infection cases of the SARS-CoV-2 variant strain have appeared in many countries, which made the prevention and control of the epidemic more difficult. This article briefly reviewed the updated research works on SARS-CoV-2, including possible sources of virus and infection mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment approaches, transmission characteristics and environmental impact, etc. In particular, the environmental factors affecting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are summarized in order to enhance the understanding of environmental transmission of SARS-CoV-2. © 2021, Science Press. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
To explore the mechanism of anti-coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) of Xinjiang Zukamu granule based on integrated pharmacology, network pharmacology and molecular docking. Ten traditional Chinese medicines of Zukamu granules were searched by four open databases, and 48 candidate components were screened by ADMET level. The candidate components were pretreated as ligands for molecular docking.2019-nCoV-Mpro and ACE2 were used as receptors for molecular docking, and Autodock software was used for molecular docking. There are 16 compounds with good binding activity to 2019-nCoV-Mpro and ACE2 receptors. Among them, luteolin, eriodictyol, rhein, formononetin, kaempferide, semiicoisoflavone B, isorhamnetin, diosmetin, kaempferol and quercetin met the requirement of score0.8, and 91 core targets such as PIK3CG, AKT1 and CDK6 were obtained. The core target involves 226 GO and 53 signaling pathways. Zukamu granules play an important role in COVID-19 through multi-component, multi-level and multi-channel "neuro-endocrine-immune", which provides a theoretical basis for the further study of pharmacodynamic material basis, mechanism and clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic medicine.
ABSTRACT
Sneezes play a key role in transferring respiratory diseases such as COVID-19 between infectious and susceptible individuals where the timely monitoring and alerting for sneezes can be important in preventing the spread of such diseases. This paper presents Wi-Sneeze, a Wi-Fi based passive radar for sneeze sensing using Wi-Fi signals, as a promising solution to detect the potentially harmful exhaled volume-based sneeze droplets. Using the size distributions of the droplets exhaled by sneezes, an accurate volume RCS for the sneeze droplets is calculated, leading to the computation of the SNR which enable the range prediction for detecting the sneeze droplets. Experimental trials are conducted for real human sneezes and using the associated signal processing schemes, the Doppler frequency of the sneeze droplets can be prominently detected and localized in range. In addition, advanced signal processing techniques are used to improve the performance of the sneeze droplets detections. These promising results clearly validated the concept and feasibility of Wi-Sneeze in a practical environment.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies detection and their clinical diagnostic value in suspected COVID-19 patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to collect 301 cases of hospitalized diagnozed or suspected COVID-19 patients in Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital from January 3, 2020 to February 28, 2020. Among these cases, 197 patients with positive results for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test were included as confirmed case group. And 104 patients with negative results were included as the suspected case group. Then 114 people with normal physical examination results from August, 2019 to October, 2019 reported by Wuhan University, and 104 hospitalized patients with tuberculosis confirmed in Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital from January, 2019 to February, 2019, were set as control group (non-COVID-19 group). All cases were detected with serum SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies by automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay. The patients in the suspected case group were clinically analyzed according to the Chinese diagnosis and treatment plan (7th trial version) of novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnostic criteria. Results: For the respective detection of serum SARS-CoV-2 IgM and SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the confirmed case group and control group, the clinical sensitivity was 65.99% (130/197) and 96.95% (191/197), the specificity was 97.71%(213/218) and 91.74%(200/218), the positive predictive value was 96.30% and 91.39%, the negative predictive value was 76.07% and 97.09%, the positive likelihood ratio was 28.82 and 11.74, the negative likelihood ratio was 0.348 and 0.033, and the total coincidence rate was 82.65% and 94.22%, respectively. For the combined detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the confirmed case group and control group, the clinical sensitivity was 96.95% (191/197), the specificity was 89.45%(195/218), the positive predictive value was 89.25, the negative predictive value was 97.01, the positive likelihood ratio was 9.19, the negative likelihood ratio was 0.034, and the total coincidence rate was 93.01%. In the suspected case group, the rate of positive results in SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 80.77% (84/104), the rate of positive results in SARS-CoV-2 IgM was 34.62%(36/104), the rate of positive results in SARS-CoV-2 IgG+IgM were 34.62%(36/104), and the rate of negative results in SARS-CoV-2 IgG+IgM were 19.23% (20/104). Conclusion: The combined detection of serum SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG have a good coincidence rate with the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. The combined detection can be used as an important means for rapid screening and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and also can be used for differential diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in tuberculosis patients. And the combined detection of serum SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG is an effective supplement for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in patients with suspected nucleic acid negative results of SARS-CoV-2. © 2021, Editorial Board of Medical Journal of Wuhan University. All right reserved.
ABSTRACT
The epidemic caused by coronavirus poses a serious threat to human health, but there is no specific drug or vaccine for the treatment of this kind of virus infection. Herein, this article selects typical case studies in recent years and reviews the medicinal chemistry strategies of anti-SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and other coronavirus drugs from the perspective of medicinal chemistry, and tries to provide some clues to current drug research against-SARS-CoV-2.